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Genome Technology and Engineering — Revision Notes

CBSE · Class 12 · Biotechnology

Genome Technology and Engineering revision notes for CBSE Class 12 Biotechnology: 4 topics in quick points. Includes Genome and Genome Mapping, DNA.

89 questions84 flashcards5 concepts

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A comparative diagram showing the complete genetic information (genome) in a prokaryotic cell (nucleoid and plasmid DNA) and a eukaryotic cell (nuclear chromosomes, mitochondrial DNA, and chloroplast
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Key Topics to Revise

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1. Genome and Genome Mapping

  • Genome means the complete genetic information present in a cell.
  • Genome mapping helps identify the location and relative order of genes or loci.
  • Two main approaches are used for genome mapping: genetic mapping and physical mapping.
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2. DNA Sequencing Technologies

  • The first generation DNA sequencing method is sequencing by chain termination.
  • First generation sequencing involved separation of chromosomes by PFGE, restriction digestion, ligation to high-capacity vectors such as BAC, YAC, and PAC, and then sequencing.
  • Each capillary in a single run sequences about 800 to 1000 base-long DNA.
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3. Whole Genome Sequencing and Other Genome Technologies

  • Whole genome sequencing determines the DNA sequence of the entire genome.
  • Using WGS, the first genome sequenced was Haemophilus influenzae.
  • Human whole genome sequencing started in 1990 and the complete sequence was published in 2003.
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4. Genome Engineering

  • Genome engineering modifies the genome by introducing, removing, or altering genes.
  • The goal is to add new function or modify existing function.
  • Transposons are DNA sequences that move from one genomic location to another by a cut-and-paste mechanism.

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Full Notes

Key Concepts

Genome is the complete genetic informationGenetic mapping estimates distances between lociPhysical mapping identifies specific locations onRestriction Fragment Length Polymorphism isSimple Sequence Length Polymorphism is based

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Genome Technology and Engineering for CBSE Class 12 Biotechnology?
Key topics in Genome Technology and Engineering include Genome and Genome Mapping, DNA Sequencing Technologies, Whole Genome Sequencing and Other Genome Technologies, Genome Engineering. Study these first, then practise questions on each for the CBSE Class 12 board exam.
How should I revise Genome Technology and Engineering for the CBSE Class 12 board exam?
Learn the core ideas first, then work through the 89 practice questions on Genome Technology and Engineering. Revise definitions regularly and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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All CBSE Class 12 Biotechnology Revision Notes

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