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Recent Innovations in Biotechnology — Revision Notes

CBSE · Class 12 · Biotechnology

Recent Innovations in Biotechnology revision notes for CBSE Class 12 Biotechnology: 4 topics in quick points. Includes Environmental Biotechnology.

122 questions84 flashcards5 concepts

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A step-by-step diagram illustrating John Gurdon's pioneering experiment of nuclear transplantation in frogs, showing the replacement of a fertilized egg's nucleus with a mature intestinal cell nucleus
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Key Topics to Revise

1

1. Environmental Biotechnology

  • Environmental biotechnology uses biological systems to prevent pollution, detect contaminants, treat waste, and support bioremediation.
  • Biofuels are produced from biological products such as living organisms or waste materials like landfills and recycled vegetable oil.
  • On the basis of characteristics, biofuels are broadly divided into biodiesel, bioalcohol, biogas, and biomass.
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2. Biodegradation and Bioplastics

  • Biodegradation helps break down non-biodegradable waste and supports environment-friendly recycling.
  • Microbes have been identified that can break down some plastics and other non-biodegradable materials.
  • Bioplastics are made using biological materials instead of fossil fuels.
3

3. Biotechnology in Oil Recovery and Bioremediation

  • Microbial technologies are used in Enhanced Oil Recovery to extract residual oil from wells.
  • A genetically engineered Pseudomonas bacterium can be used to eat oil spills.
  • Bioremediation uses microorganisms to reduce the toxicity of pollutants in soil or water.
4

4. Plant Biotechnology and GM Crops

  • GM crops have improved yield, stress tolerance, nutrition, and resistance to pests and diseases.
  • Almost 29 countries adopted GM crops, with soybean, maize, cotton, and canola as the major crops.
  • Herbicide tolerance is achieved by over-producing the herbicide target enzyme, usually in the chloroplast, making the plant insensitive.

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Key Concepts

Biofuels are fuels produced from biologicalBiodiesel is produced from raw materialsBioalcoholBiogas is produced anaerobically from organicPolyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a biodegradable plastic

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Recent Innovations in Biotechnology for CBSE Class 12 Biotechnology?
Key topics in Recent Innovations in Biotechnology include Environmental Biotechnology, Biodegradation and Bioplastics, Biotechnology in Oil Recovery and Bioremediation, Plant Biotechnology and GM Crops. Study these first, then practise questions on each for the CBSE Class 12 board exam.
How should I revise Recent Innovations in Biotechnology for the CBSE Class 12 board exam?
Learn the core ideas first, then work through the 122 practice questions on Recent Innovations in Biotechnology. Revise definitions regularly and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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All CBSE Class 12 Biotechnology Revision Notes

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