Applications of Recombinant DNA Technology
CBSE · Class 12 · Biotechnology
Step-by-step guide to study Applications of Recombinant DNA Technology in CBSE Class 12 Biotechnology. Topics to cover, practice strategy, and time allocation.
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Learn the Theory
Read the textbook chapter carefully. Note down definitions, formulas, and key concepts.
Practice Problems
Solve textbook exercises and additional practice questions. Focus on numerical problems and application-based questions.
Revise & Test
Revise key formulas and concepts without looking at notes. Take a practice quiz to test your understanding. Mark weak areas for re-revision.
Spaced Revision
Revisit Applications of Recombinant DNA Technology after a week. Use flashcards for quick recall. Solve previous year questions from this chapter.
What to Focus On
- DNA fingerprinting was developed by Sir Alec Jeffreys in 1984
- 99.9% of human genome is identical; the 0.1% variation forms the basis of DNA fingerprinting
- VNTRs (Variable Number Tandem Repeats) are highly polymorphic non-coding sequences used in fingerprinting
- Transgenesis = insertion of foreign gene (transgene) into genome of an organism
- First GMO bacterium: Boyer and Cohen (1973); First transgenic animal: Jaenisch and Mintz (1974)
- Agrobacterium tumefaciens — natural genetic engineer; Ti plasmid with T-DNA used for plant transformation
- Gene therapy repairs faulty genes by introducing correct genetic material into cells
- First gene therapy: 1990, for SCID in a 4-year-old girl with defective ADA gene
- Three approaches: Gene Replacement/Addition, Gene Inhibition, Gene Repair/Editing
Common Mistakes to Avoid
DNA fingerprinting sequences the entire DNA of an individual to find differences between people.
Agrobacterium tumefaciens is used directly as the final vector to infect all types of plants, including monocots like wheat and rice.
Bt toxin produced by transgenic Bt crops is equally harmful to all insects, including beneficial insects like butterflies and honeybees.
Memory Tips
DNA Fingerprinting developed by Sir Alec Jeffreys in 1984
VNTR — Variable Number Tandem Repeats (microsatellites 1-9 bp, minisatellites 10-100 bp)
Steps of DNA Fingerprinting: Isolate → Digest → Electrophorese → Transfer → Hybridize → Detect
RFLP — Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism used in DNA fingerprinting
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Sources & Official References
- NCERT Official — ncert.nic.in
- CBSE Academic — cbseacademic.nic.in
- CBSE Official — cbse.gov.in
- National Education Policy 2020 — education.gov.in
Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.
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