Agriculture in India - I: Introduction
ICSE · Class 10 · Geography
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1. Importance and Salient Features of Indian Agriculture
- Agriculture is one of the backbones of the Indian economy.
- Net sown area accounts for about 46.6% of the total cultivable area of India.
- Nearly 2/3rd of the Indian population depends on agriculture, directly or indirectly.
2. Crop Seasons in India
- India has three main crop seasons: Kharif, Rabi, and Zayad or zaid.
- Kharif season: ground preparation is in April-May, sowing is in June with the arrival of rain, and harvesting begins in the beginning of November.
- Kharif crops include rice, maize, jowar, bajra, cotton, sesame, groundnut, pulses, and jute.
3. Green Revolution
- The Green Revolution was launched in 1967-68 in two phases.
- It was a turning point in Indian agriculture in the late sixties.
- It involved the use of High Yielding Varieties of seeds and several related measures.
4. Problems of Indian Agriculture
- Small and fragmented landholdings are common in India.
- Population pressure and division of land through inheritance reduce the size of farms.
- Poor quality seeds lower productivity.
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