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Location, Extent and Physical Features of India

ICSE · Class 10 · Geography

Quick revision notes for Location, Extent and Physical Features of India — ICSE Class 10 Geography. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.

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A map of India showing its latitudinal and longitudinal extent, the Tropic of Cancer, and the Indian Standard Time (IST) meridian. Key coordinates and the north-south/east-west extents should be label
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Key Topics to Revise

1

Location and Extent of India

  • India's latitudinal extent: 8°N to 37°N (mainland extends from 8°4'N to 37°6'N)
  • India's longitudinal extent: 68°E to 97°E (68°7'E to 97°25'E)
  • Total area: 3,287,240 sq km (approximately 3.3 million sq km)
2

India and Its Neighboring Countries

  • Land borders: Pakistan (west), China (north), Nepal (north), Bhutan (northeast), Bangladesh (east), Myanmar (east)
  • Water borders: Arabian Sea (west), Bay of Bengal (east), Indian Ocean (south)
  • Natural boundaries: Himalayas in north, oceans on three sides
3

Physical Divisions of India

  • Five major physical divisions: Himalayas, Northern Plains, Peninsular Plateau, Coastal Plains, Islands
  • Each division has distinct geological structure, relief, and economic significance
  • Physical divisions influence climate, drainage, soil, vegetation, and human activities
4

The Himalayan Mountains

  • Three parallel ranges: Himadri (Great Himalayas), Himachal (Middle Himalayas), Shivaliks (Outer Himalayas)
  • Himadri: Highest peaks including K2 (8,610m), Kanchenjunga (8,586m), contains major glaciers like Siachen
  • Himachal: Includes Pir Panjal, Dhauladhar, Mussoorie ranges; Kashmir Valley lies here

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Full Notes

Key Concepts

India is located between 8°NThe Himalayas form India's northern boundaryLocated between the Himalayas and PeninsularA triangularNorthern rivers (Indus

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Location, Extent and Physical Features of India for ICSE Class 10 Geography?
Key topics in Location, Extent and Physical Features of India include Physical Divisions of India — Complete Overview, Correct vs Incorrect Understanding: Key Facts About India, Physical Divisions of India — Overview. These are the concepts ICSE Class 10 examiners draw on most — study them first, then practise related questions.
How to score full marks in Location, Extent and Physical Features of India — ICSE Class 10 Geography?
Understand the core concepts first, then work through the 43 practice questions available for this chapter. Revise formulas and definitions regularly, and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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