Interpretation of Topographical Maps-I
ICSE · Class 10 · Geography
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Introduction to Maps and Topographical Maps
- A map is a two-dimensional scaled representation of Earth's surface or part of it
- Maps show physical and human-made features using symbols, lines, and colours
- Maps are drawn using map projections to convert 3D Earth to 2D surface
History and Development of Topographical Maps in India
- Ordnance Survey Maps first made for British Army around 1765 under Major General Roy
- Survey of India Department established in 1767
- Major James Renell was first 'Surveyor General' of India
Objectives and Uses of Survey of India
- Four main objectives: (a) topographical control and surveys (b) mapping and production of maps and charts (c) demarcation of external boundaries (d) research and development in cartography
- Used by town planners, urban development, railways, canals, roads, and industries
- Important for reforestation, afforestation, and flood control measures
Conventional Colours in Topographical Maps
- Conventional colours are accepted worldwide for consistency
- Yellow - cultivable land
- Orange - plateau
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