Mahatma Gandhi and the National Movement — Important Questions

Mohammed Ali and Shaukat Ali

Step 1: The Ali Brothers were Mohammed Ali and Shaukat Ali, who led the Khilafat Movement. Step 2: They started a powerful agitation against the British policy towards the Sultan of Turkey. Step 3: Gandhi supported their movement, which helped bring Hindu-Muslim unity in the freedom struggle. Step 4: They were arrested on charges of sedition for spreading discontent among people. Step 5: Options A, C, and D contain incorrect names - the actual leaders of the Khilafat Movement were specifically Mohammed Ali and Shaukat Ali.

Salt March

Step 1: Gandhi's march from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi is famously known as the Salt March or Dandi March. Step 2: He started this march on March 12, 1930, with 78 followers to break the Salt Law. Step 3: At Dandi, he made salt from seawater, symbolically breaking the British monopoly on salt production. Step 4: This act launched the Civil Disobedience Movement and became a powerful symbol of resistance against British rule. Step 5: Options B, C, and D are incorrect - while the march was about freedom and independence, it is specifically called the Salt March because its primary purpose was to

Chauri Chaura incident

Step 1: The Chauri Chaura incident occurred on February 4, 1922, in a village in Gorakhpur district, UP. Step 2: About 3,000 peasants were in a procession when police opened fire on them. Step 3: In anger, the crowd attacked and burnt the police station, killing 22 policemen. Step 4: Gandhi was so shocked by this violence that he immediately suspended the Non-Cooperation Movement. Step 5: Options B, C, and D are incorrect - these events were causes that led to various movements, but only the Chauri Chaura incident led to the withdrawal of the Non-Cooperation Movement.

Harijans

Gandhiji called the untouchables 'Harijans', meaning children of God, and asked people to treat them with the respect due to human beings. This term reflected his effort to remove the stigma of untouchability and bring them into the mainstream of Hindu society. Terms like 'Scheduled Castes' and 'Dalits' are modern or official classifications, not the name Gandhi himself used.