The Union Executive

Chief Justice of India

The Chief Justice of India administers the oath to the President as the highest judicial authority in the country. Step 1: The Constitution designates the Chief Justice as the appropriate authority to administer the presidential oath. Step 2: This symbolizes the separation of powers and the independence of judiciary. Step 3: The oath includes promises to preserve, protect and defend the Constitution and serve the people. Step 4: If the Chief Justice is unavailable, the senior-most available Supreme Court judge performs this duty.

Article 352

Article 352 of the Constitution empowers the President to declare National Emergency during threats to national security. Step 1: Article 352 specifically deals with emergency provisions for external aggression, war, or armed rebellion. Step 2: This emergency affects the entire country or part of its territory when national security is threatened. Step 3: It requires written advice from the Union Cabinet and parliamentary approval within one month. Step 4: Article 356 deals with President's Rule in states, while Article 360 covers Financial Emergency.

Vice-President

The Vice-President of India serves as the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha by constitutional provision. Step 1: Article 64 of the Constitution makes the Vice-President the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha. Step 2: This dual role gives the Vice-President active participation in the legislative process. Step 3: As Chairman, the Vice-President can cast a deciding vote in case of ties in the Rajya Sabha. Step 4: The Deputy Chairman presides only in the absence of the Vice-President.

12

The President nominates exactly 12 members to the Rajya Sabha from among distinguished persons in various fields. Step 1: Article 80 of the Constitution provides for 12 nominated members in the 250-member Rajya Sabha. Step 2: These nominees should have special knowledge or practical experience in literature, science, art, and social service. Step 3: This provision ensures representation of expertise that might not come through elections. Step 4: Famous nominees have included eminent writers, scientists, sports personalities, and social workers.