Plant Kingdom — Flashcards

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Plant kingdom comprises multicellular, autotrophic organisms. It includes major groups such as algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms, and angiosperms.

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Plants probably arose from the algal division Chlorophyta. Green algae are especially close to land plants in their pigments, food storage, and cell wall composition.

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Cyanobacteria, also called blue-green algae, are not algae any more. They are placed in Monera because they are prokaryotic, unlike true algae which are eukaryotic.

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Algae are chlorophyll-containing thalloid autotrophic plants of the simplest type. They lack true roots, stems, leaves, or leaf-like organs and commonly live in aquatic habitats.

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Algae are divided into three major divisions: Rhodophyceae, Phaeophyceae, and Chlorophyceae. These groups are mainly distinguished by their pigments, storage food, and other structural features.

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Red algae contain the water-soluble red pigment r-phycoerythrin, which masks the green colour of chlorophyll a. This pigment also helps them live at greater depths in the ocean than other algal groups…

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Rhodophyceae are mostly marine algae with no flagellated cells at any stage of the life cycle. Their reserve food is floridean starch, and their pigments include chlorophyll a and d, carotenes, xantho…

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Common examples include Batrachospermum, Polysiphonia, Porphyra, Gracilaria, and Gelidium. Porphyra and Rhodymenia are used as food, agar is obtained from Gelidium, Gracilaria, Chondrus, and Gigartina…