Locomotion and Movement — Flashcards

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Movement of the whole organism from place to place is known as locomotion. Examples include walking, running, climbing, flying, and swimming.

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Locomotion helps animals obtain food, escape predators, find mates, find shelter, reach favourable habitats, reduce competition, and avoid waste products or disease. It also helps in dispersal and rep…

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The main types of movement are amoeboid, flagellar, ciliary, and muscular movement. The first three are mainly seen in protists, while muscular movement is common in higher organisms.

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Amoeba changes shape by forming temporary cytoplasmic projections called pseudopodia. These pseudopodia help in both locomotion and feeding.

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Flagella are locomotory organelles of flagellated protists. They are thread-like projections on the cell surface, and movement by flagella is called flagellar movement. It is best seen in Euglena.

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Cilia are small, highly vibratile ectoplasmic processes similar to flagella in basic structure. Their movement is synchronous and coordinated, and the movement caused by cilia is called ciliary moveme…

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In higher vertebrates, movement and locomotion depend on coordinated activity of the muscular, skeletal, and nervous systems. Muscles act as machines that convert chemical energy into mechanical energ…

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The skeleton gives support and shape to the body, protects internal organs, helps in movement by acting as levers, stores minerals such as calcium and phosphorus, stores fat in yellow marrow, and form…