Cell Cycle and Cell Division

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The cell cycle is the period from the end of one division of a cell to the end of the next division. It includes growth, DNA synthesis, and cell division.

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The cell cycle has two main phases: interphase and M-phase. Interphase is the growth phase between two divisions, and M-phase is the division phase.

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C-value is the amount, in picograms, of DNA contained within a haploid nucleus or one half the amount in a diploid somatic cell. In diploids, it is often used like genome size, but in polyploids it re…

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Interphase is a period of active metabolism. RNA and proteins are synthesized, the cell grows, and DNA is copied during this time. It is not a passive resting stage.

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G1 phase is the longest sub-phase of interphase. It lies between mitosis and the start of DNA replication. The cell grows rapidly, synthesizes RNA and proteins, and shows no change in DNA content.

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S phase is the synthetic phase of interphase. DNA replicates, so the DNA amount changes from 2C to 4C, but the chromosome number does not increase. In animal cells, the centriole also duplicates in th…

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G2 phase is the pre-mitotic stage between the end of DNA synthesis and the start of mitosis. The cell prepares for division, continues RNA and protein synthesis, and contains double the DNA amount, sh…

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G0 phase is the quiescent stage. Some cells leave G1 and enter this inactive stage when they do not divide further. They remain metabolically active but do not proliferate unless needed.