Biomolecules

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The collection of various types of molecules in a cell is called cellular pool. It includes inorganic materials such as water, salts, and mineral ions, and organic compounds such as carbohydrates, lip…

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Micromolecules have molecular weight less than one thousand dalton and are usually small and more soluble. Macromolecules have molecular size above 10,000 dalton. Proteins, nucleic acids, and many car…

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Primary metabolites are direct products of metabolism and have known roles in normal life processes. Examples are carbohydrates, fats, amino acids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Secondary metabolites a…

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General formula of carbohydrates: C_x(H_2O)_y [x, y = number of carbon and water-equivalent units]. Many carbohydrates fit this pattern, but not all do.

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Deoxyribose has the molecular formula C5H10O4 and rhamnose has the molecular formula C6H12O5. These are carbohydrates, but they do not fit the general Cx(H2O)y ratio. This shows that the hydrate-of-ca…

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Monosaccharides, often called simple sugars, are compounds which possess a free aldehyde (-CHO) or ketonic (=CO) group and two or more hydroxyl (-OH) groups. Their general formula is C_n(H_2O)_n [n = …

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Monosaccharides may be trioses, tetroses, pentoses, hexoses, heptoses, and so on. Examples: trioses such as glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone; tetroses such as erythrose and erythrulose; pentoses su…

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Oligosaccharides are composed of usually 2 to 9 monosaccharide units joined by glycosidic linkage. A disaccharide yields two monosaccharides on hydrolysis, a trisaccharide yields three, and so on. Exa…