Anatomy of Flowering Plants

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A tissue is a group of similar or dissimilar cells which performs essentially the same function and has a common origin. Plant tissues are broadly classified into meristematic tissue and permanent tis…

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A meristem is a localized region in which active cell divisions occur or the cells have the potential to become active in response to suitable stimuli. It gives rise to new plant cells and tissues.

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Meristematic cells are thin-walled, mostly isodiametric, compactly arranged without intercellular spaces, living, and actively dividing. They have dense cytoplasm, very small or no vacuoles, proplasti…

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Promeristem is the meristem where new organs or their parts are laid down. Primary meristem originates from promeristem and forms the primary plant body. Secondary meristem appears later from mature t…

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Apical meristem is found at the tips of roots and shoots. Intercalary meristem occurs at the base of internodes in grasses, base of leaf in Pinus, and base of node in mint. Lateral meristem occurs alo…

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They are called primary meristems because they appear early in the life of a plant and contribute to the formation of the primary plant body.

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Permanent tissues are formed from meristematic tissues after cells lose the power of division and attain definite form, size, and shape. Their cells may be living or dead, and thin-walled or thick-wal…

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The three simple permanent tissues are parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma. Each is made mainly of one type of cell.