Organisms and Populations — Flashcards
Maharashtra Board · Class 12 · Biology
24 flashcards for Organisms and Populations (Maharashtra Board Class 12 Biology) to test yourself on key terms and facts.
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What is the difference between habitat and niche?
Answer
Habitat is the physical place where an organism lives (like a postal address), while niche is the functional role an organism plays in its environment (like its profession). Habitat supports multiple …
Define ecology and explain its hierarchy levels.
Answer
Ecology is the study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their physical environment. The ecological hierarchy includes: 1) Individual organism (basic unit), 2) Population (same s…
What are the four major abiotic factors affecting habitats? Explain their ecological significance.
Answer
1) Temperature - affects enzyme kinetics and metabolism, varies from polar regions to deserts; 2) Water - essential for life processes, determines organism distribution; 3) Light - required for photos…
Distinguish between eurythermal and stenothermal organisms with examples.
Answer
Eurythermal organisms can tolerate a wide range of temperatures (e.g., humans, cockroaches), while stenothermal organisms are restricted to narrow temperature ranges (e.g., polar bears in cold regions…
What are the four main strategies organisms use to cope with environmental changes?
Answer
1) Regulate - maintain constant internal environment through physiological/behavioral changes (homeostasis in birds, mammals); 2) Conform - body changes with environment (most animals and plants); 3) …
List three desert plant adaptations with examples.
Answer
1) Thick cuticle and sunken stomata to minimize water loss (most cacti); 2) CAM photosynthesis allowing stomata to remain closed during day (desert succulents); 3) Modified leaves as spines with stems…
What is Allen's Rule? Give an example.
Answer
Allen's Rule states that mammals from colder climates have shorter snout, ears, tail, and limbs to minimize heat loss. Example: Arctic fox has shorter ears and limbs compared to desert fox. This is be…
Define population and list its key characteristics.
Answer
Population is a group of organisms of the same species living in a well-defined geographical area, sharing resources and potentially interbreeding. Key characteristics: 1) Size (number of individuals)…
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