Control and Co-ordination — Flashcards
Maharashtra Board · Class 12 · Biology
25 flashcards for Control and Co-ordination (Maharashtra Board Class 12 Biology) to test yourself on key terms and facts.
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What is the basic difference between control and coordination mechanisms in unicellular and multicellular organisms?
Answer
Unicellular organisms have simple organization of life processes and can carry out all functions within a single cell. Multicellular organisms require both control over their life processes and coordi…
Describe the nervous system in Hydra and explain why it is called a diffused nervous system.
Answer
Hydra has the most primitive nervous system consisting of sensory cells and neurons scattered throughout the body, interconnected by synapses to form a nerve net. It's called diffused because: 1) Nerv…
What are the main components of a neuron and their functions?
Answer
A neuron has three main parts: 1) Cyton/Cell body - contains nucleus, Nissl's granules for neurotransmitter synthesis, and neurofibrils for impulse transmission, 2) Dendrons - branched processes that …
Explain the difference between electrical and chemical synapses.
Answer
Electrical synapse: Gap between neurons is very narrow (3.8 nm), transmission is faster, can be bidirectional, found where fastest response is needed. Chemical synapse: Gap is larger (20-40 nm), uses …
What is resting potential and how is it maintained?
Answer
Resting potential is the potential difference of -70 millivolts across the nerve membrane when the nerve is at rest. It's maintained by: 1) Na+/K+ pump actively transporting 3 Na+ out and 2 K+ in, 2) …
Describe the process of depolarization during nerve impulse generation.
Answer
Depolarization occurs when: 1) Stimulus opens voltage-gated Na+ channels, 2) Na+ rushes into the axon rapidly, 3) Inside becomes electropositive (+30 to +60 mV), 4) This creates action potential, 5) T…
What are the three protective membranes (meninges) of the CNS and their functions?
Answer
1) Dura mater - outermost, tough, fibrous membrane attached to cranium, 2) Arachnoid mater - middle, thin, web-like membrane separated from pia mater by subarachnoid space containing CSF, 3) Pia mater…
What is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and what are its functions?
Answer
CSF is a lymph-like extracellular fluid secreted by choroid plexuses and ependymal cells. Functions: 1) Acts as shock absorber protecting brain and spinal cord, 2) Maintains constant pressure inside c…
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