Enhancement of Food Production — Flashcards
Maharashtra Board · Class 12 · Biology
25 flashcards for Enhancement of Food Production (Maharashtra Board Class 12 Biology) to test yourself on key terms and facts.
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What is plant breeding and what are its main objectives?
Answer
Plant breeding is the improvement or purposeful manipulation in the heredity of crops and production of new superior varieties. Main objectives include: increasing crop yield, improving quality, incre…
Define hybridization and list its main types.
Answer
Hybridization is the chief method of plant breeding that combines desirable characters of two or more varieties. Types include: Intravarietal (within same variety), Intervarietal (between two varietie…
List the five main steps of the plant breeding program (hybridization technique).
Answer
1. Collection of Variability (germplasm collection from wild species and relatives) 2. Evaluation and Selection of Parents (screening for desirable characters, selfing for 3-4 generations) 3. Hybridiz…
What is mutation breeding and what are the types of mutagens used?
Answer
Mutation breeding uses induced mutations to create new varieties. Natural (physical) mutagens include: high temperature, high CO2 concentration, X-rays, UV rays. Chemical mutagens include: Nitrous aci…
Define tissue culture and explain the principle of totipotency.
Answer
Tissue culture is the technique of growing isolated cells, tissues, or organs 'in vitro' on nutrient medium under aseptic and controlled conditions. It is based on the principle of Totipotency - the i…
What are the types of tissue culture based on explant and growth medium?
Answer
Based on explant: Cell culture, Organ culture, Embryo culture. Based on growth medium: Callus culture (solid medium) - forms undifferentiated mass of cells called callus; Suspension culture (liquid me…
What is micropropagation and what are its advantages?
Answer
Micropropagation (clonal propagation) is commercial production of plants through organogenesis via shoots. Advantages: 1. Rapid plant multiplication 2. Large number of plantlets in short time and smal…
Define Single Cell Protein (SCP) and list the microorganisms used for its production.
Answer
SCP refers to crude or refined edible protein extracted from pure microbial cultures or dried cell biomass. Microorganisms used: Fungi (Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viride), Yeast (Saccharomyces cer…
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