Reproduction in Lower and Higher Animals
Maharashtra Board · Class 12 · Biology
Flashcards for Reproduction in Lower and Higher Animals — Maharashtra Board Class 12 Biology. Quick Q&A cards covering key concepts, definitions, and formulas.
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What is gemmule formation and in which organisms does it occur?
Answer
Gemmule formation is an internal bud formed only in sponges (e.g., Spongilla). It is an asexually produced mass of dormant archaeocytes capable of developing into a new organism. The archaeocytes are …
Describe the process of budding in Hydra.
Answer
Budding in Hydra is a simple method of asexual reproduction occurring in favorable conditions. A small outgrowth (bud) is produced towards the basal end of the body. The bud develops and forms tentacl…
What are the three layers of the testis wall from outside to inside?
Answer
From outside to inside, the three layers of the testis wall are: 1. Tunica vaginalis (incomplete peritoneal covering - outermost), 2. Tunica albuginea (collagenous connective tissue layer - middle), 3…
What are the functions of Sertoli cells and Leydig cells in the testis?
Answer
Sertoli cells (sustentacular cells): Large pyramidal cells in seminiferous tubules that provide nutrition to developing sperms and support spermatogenesis. Leydig cells (interstitial cells): Located b…
List the components of semen and their functions.
Answer
Semen components and functions: 1. Seminal vesicles (60% volume): Fructose (energy for sperm), fibrinogen (coagulation), prostaglandins (stimulate reverse peristalsis). 2. Prostate gland (30% volume):…
Describe the structure and development stages of ovarian follicles.
Answer
Ovarian follicle development: 1. Primordial follicle: Primary oocyte (2n) surrounded by single layer of flat follicular cells. 2. Primary follicle: Multilayered cuboidal follicular cells with theca fo…
What are the three parts of the fallopian tube and their functions?
Answer
The three parts of the fallopian tube are: 1. Infundibulum: Funnel-like part with ostium opening surrounded by fimbriae. Cilia and fimbriae help drive ovulated egg to ostium. 2. Ampulla: Middle, long …
Describe the layers of the uterine wall and their functions.
Answer
The three layers of uterine wall are: 1. Perimetrium: Outermost layer (serous membrane). 2. Myometrium: Middle thick muscular layer of smooth muscles. Vigorous contractions cause labor during parturit…
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