Biotechnology — Flashcards
Maharashtra Board · Class 12 · Biology
25 flashcards for Biotechnology (Maharashtra Board Class 12 Biology) to test yourself on key terms and facts. Sample: "What is biotechnology and when was.
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What is biotechnology and when was this term first coined?
Answer
Biotechnology is defined as 'the development and utilization of biological forms, products or processes for obtaining maximum benefits to man and other forms of life'. The term was first used by Karl …
Compare traditional biotechnology with modern biotechnology.
Answer
Traditional biotechnology (old biotechnology): Based on fermentation technology using microorganisms (e.g., curd, ghee, vinegar, wine making). It was more an art than science, as people didn't know th…
What are the two core techniques on which modern biotechnology is based?
Answer
Modern biotechnology is based on two core techniques: 1. Genetic Engineering - deals with alteration of genetic material (DNA and RNA) 2. Chemical Engineering - deals with maintaining sterile environm…
Define genetic engineering and list its alternative names.
Answer
Genetic engineering is defined as the manipulation of genetic material towards a desired end in a directed and predetermined way, using 'in vitro' process. It involves repairing defective genes, repla…
What is PCR and who discovered it? What does PCR stand for?
Answer
PCR stands for Polymerase Chain Reaction. It was discovered by Kary Mullis in 1985. PCR is an extremely powerful technique that can generate a billion copies of the desired segment of DNA or RNA with …
List the requirements for PCR and describe the three steps in one PCR cycle.
Answer
PCR Requirements: DNA containing desired segment, several molecules of four dNTPs, excess of two primer molecules, heat stable DNA polymerase, appropriate quantities of Mg++ ions. Three steps in PCR …
What are restriction enzymes and why are they called so?
Answer
Restriction enzymes (restriction endonucleases) are enzymes that cut the phosphodiester backbone of duplex DNA at highly specific sites on both strands. They recognize short nucleotide sequences (4-8 …
Explain palindromic sequences with the example of EcoRI recognition site.
Answer
A palindromic sequence is a DNA sequence that reads the same when read in opposite directions (3' to 5' or 5' to 3'). EcoRI recognition site: 5'---G-A-A-T-T-C---3' 3'---C-T-T-A-A-G---5' When EcoRI …
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