Indian National Movement
NIOS · Class 10 · Social Studies
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See them allWhat was the Indian National Congress, and when was it founded?
Answer
The Indian National Congress was founded in 1885 by Allan Octavian Hume. It was created as a safe, constitutional outlet for Indian political consciousness and to present Indian grievances to the Brit…
Who was elected as the first President of the Indian National Congress?
Answer
Womesh Chandra Banerjee of Calcutta was elected as the first President of the Indian National Congress.
Why is the early Congress period called the era of the Moderates?
Answer
The early Congress leaders worked through petitions, speeches, and lawful methods. They trusted constitutional methods and did not use aggressive protest. Because of this, they were called Moderates.
What was the social base of the Congress from 1885 to 1905?
Answer
From 1885 to 1905, the Congress had a very narrow social base. Its influence was mainly confined to urban educated Indians.
What did the Indian Councils Act of 1892 do?
Answer
The Indian Councils Act of 1892 enlarged the legislature by adding non-official members. This gave Indians a slightly wider space in law-making bodies, though real power still remained limited.
What were Lord Curzon's major actions against growing nationalism?
Answer
Lord Curzon passed an Act in 1898 making it an offence to provoke people against British rulers, passed the Indian Universities Act in 1904 to impose stiff control over Indian universities, and announ…
Why did the Partition of Bengal create strong protest?
Answer
The Partition of Bengal was seen as an attempt to divide and rule and weaken the growing national movement. People opposed it through meetings, processions, demonstrations, Swadeshi, boycott, and nati…
What is Swadeshi, and why was it important?
Answer
Swadeshi means using goods made in one's own country by one's own people. It became important during the anti-Partition movement because it encouraged self-reliance, supported Indian industries, and r…
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