Electric Potential and Capacitors
NIOS · Class 12 · Physics
All formulas from Electric Potential and Capacitors in NIOS Class 12 Physics. Key equations, constants, and identities for board exam preparation.
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Formulas
Electric Potential and Potential Difference
V = W/q₀
V_AB = (V_B - V_A) = W_AB / q₀
V = (1/4πε₀) × (q/r)
V = Σ (qᵢ / 4πε₀rᵢ)
V_dipole = p cosθ / (4πε₀r²)
Potential Energy of Charge Systems
U = q₁q₂ / (4πε₀r₁₂)
U = (1/4πε₀) × [q₁q₂/r₁₂ + q₁q₃/r₁₃ + q₂q₃/r₂₃]
U₀ = -pE cosθ = -p·E
Capacitance and Capacitors
C = Q/V
C_sphere = 4πε₀r = r / (9×10⁹)
C₀ = ε₀A/d
C = Kε₀A/d = KC₀
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