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Formula Sheet

Thermodynamics

NIOS · Class 12 · Physics

All formulas from Thermodynamics in NIOS Class 12 Physics. Key equations, constants, and identities for board exam preparation.

44 questions30 flashcards5 concepts

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A pressure-temperature (P-T) phase diagram for water, showing the solid, liquid, and gas regions, the triple point, and critical point.
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11 Formulas · 3 Sections

Formulas

Basic Concepts and Terminology

W = PΔV = P(V₂ - V₁)

1 cal = 4.18 J

Thermodynamic Processes

Isothermal: T = constant, ΔT = 0

Adiabatic: ΔQ = 0, so ΔU = -ΔW

Isobaric: P = constant, W = PΔV

Isochoric: ΔV = 0, so ΔW = 0, and ΔQ = ΔU

Cyclic Process: ΔU = 0, so ΔQ = ΔW

Internal Energy and First Law of Thermodynamics

ΔU = ΔQ - ΔW

ΔQ = ΔU + ΔW

Uᵢ - U_f = -W (adiabatic)

U = KE_molecules + PE_molecules

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Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Thermodynamics for NIOS Class 12 Physics?
Key topics in Thermodynamics include Solving a Numerical Problem — Systematic Approach, Mind map showing the major branches and concepts covered in the Thermodynamics chapter, Flowchart showing the direction of heat flow from hot body to cold body until thermal equilibrium is reached. These are the concepts NIOS Class 12 examiners draw on most — study them first, then practise related questions.
How to score full marks in Thermodynamics — NIOS Class 12 Physics?
Understand the core concepts first, then work through the 44 practice questions available for this chapter. Revise formulas and definitions regularly, and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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