Sovereignty

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Sovereignty is the supreme and independent authority of a state over its territory and population. It means the state has the highest legal power to make laws, enforce them, and govern without externa…

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The two dimensions are: 1) Internal Sovereignty – the state has complete control over all individuals and institutions within its territory. 2) External Sovereignty – the state is free from control by…

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Before 1947, India had population, territory, and government, but it lacked sovereignty because it was under British rule. The British Parliament made laws for India, so India did not have supreme aut…

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Internal sovereignty means the state has full control over all people, groups, and institutions within its territory. Everyone must obey state laws, and the state can punish those who break them.

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External sovereignty means a state is independent and free from control by any other country. It can make its own foreign policies and is not answerable to any external authority.

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India deciding to sign a defense agreement with France without needing approval from any other country is an example of external sovereignty. It shows India’s independence in foreign policy.

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The word 'sovereignty' comes from the Latin word 'superanus', through the French word 'souverainete', meaning supreme power.

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Jean Bodin, a French political philosopher, first defined sovereignty in his book 'The Six Books on the Commonwealth' (1576). He described it as supreme power over citizens, unrestrained by law.