State: Its Elements and Theories of Origin of State

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A state is a politically organized community of people living in a definite territory, under a sovereign government. It has four essential elements: population, territory, government, and sovereignty.

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The four essential elements of a state are: 1) Population – people living within the state; 2) Territory – a fixed geographical area; 3) Government – the institution that enforces laws and rules; and …

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Sovereignty is the supreme power of the state. Without it, a state cannot be independent or enforce its laws. Internal sovereignty means the state has authority over all within its territory; external…

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No, a fixed territory is essential for a state. It includes land, water, and airspace. Without a defined area, there can be no permanent population, no citizenship, and no effective governance. For ex…

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There is no fixed minimum. Even small populations like Vatican City (around 800 people) are recognized as states. However, the population must be sufficient to sustain governance, defense, and economi…

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The government is the working machinery of the state. It formulates and enforces laws, maintains order, and provides services. While the state holds sovereignty, the government acts on its behalf. For…

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The state is a permanent political institution with sovereignty, while the government is temporary and changes through elections. The government is just one part of the state — its executive body. For…

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This theory says that the state was created by God, and rulers are His representatives on Earth. Kings ruled by 'Divine Right' and were accountable only to God. Disobeying them was considered a sin. T…