Recent Innovations in Biotechnology — Chapter Summary
CBSE · Class 12 · Biotechnology
Summary of Recent Innovations in Biotechnology for CBSE Class 12 Biotechnology. Part of the CBSE Class 12 Biotechnology syllabus.
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Recent innovations in biotechnology cover new ways of using living systems, cells, genes, and nanomaterials to solve problems in agriculture, medicine, environment, and energy. The major areas include biofuels, biodegradable plastics, GM crops, CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing, regenerative medicine, nano
Key Concepts
Biofuels are fuels produced from biological
Biofuels are fuels produced from biological products or biological waste such as landfills and recycled vegetable oil. They include biodiesel, bioalco
Biodiesel is produced from raw materials
Biodiesel is produced from raw materials by trans-esterification. It contains more hydrogen and oxygen and less carbon than fossil fuels, so combustio
Bioalcohol
Bioalcohol, such as bioethanol, is produced by releasing sugars from starch or cellulose, followed by fermentation, distillation, and drying. Ethanol
Biogas is produced anaerobically from organic
Biogas is produced anaerobically from organic materials and mainly contains methane and carbon dioxide. It is widely used for cooking and energy produ
Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a biodegradable plastic
Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a biodegradable plastic produced commercially by fermentation with Alcaligenes eutropus. It can also be produced in trans
Learning Objectives
- Understand the main areas of recent biotechnology innovation.
- Explain the production and types of biofuels.
- Describe biodegradable plastics and their microbial and plant-based production.
- Identify major GM crop traits such as herbicide tolerance, pest resistance, disease resistance, and nutritional improvement.
- Explain the use of CRISPR-Cas9 in genome editing.
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Sources & Official References
- NCERT Official — ncert.nic.in
- CBSE Academic — cbseacademic.nic.in
- CBSE Official — cbse.gov.in
- National Education Policy 2020 — education.gov.in
Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.
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