Recent Innovations in Biotechnology — Syllabus
CBSE · Class 12 · Biotechnology
What Recent Innovations in Biotechnology covers in CBSE Class 12 Biotechnology: 4 topics, for the 2026-27 session.
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See them allTopics in Recent Innovations in Biotechnology
1. Environmental Biotechnology
- Environmental biotechnology uses biological systems to prevent pollution, detect contaminants, treat waste, and support bioremediation.
- Biofuels are produced from biological products such as living organisms or waste materials like landfills and recycled vegetable oil.
- On the basis of characteristics, biofuels are broadly divided into biodiesel, bioalcohol, biogas, and biomass.
2. Biodegradation and Bioplastics
- Biodegradation helps break down non-biodegradable waste and supports environment-friendly recycling.
- Microbes have been identified that can break down some plastics and other non-biodegradable materials.
- Bioplastics are made using biological materials instead of fossil fuels.
3. Biotechnology in Oil Recovery and Bioremediation
- Microbial technologies are used in Enhanced Oil Recovery to extract residual oil from wells.
- A genetically engineered Pseudomonas bacterium can be used to eat oil spills.
- Bioremediation uses microorganisms to reduce the toxicity of pollutants in soil or water.
4. Plant Biotechnology and GM Crops
- GM crops have improved yield, stress tolerance, nutrition, and resistance to pests and diseases.
- Almost 29 countries adopted GM crops, with soybean, maize, cotton, and canola as the major crops.
- Herbicide tolerance is achieved by over-producing the herbicide target enzyme, usually in the chloroplast, making the plant insensitive.
Key Concepts
Central concept: Biotechnology innovations for agriculture, environment, medicine, nanotechnology, and synthetic biology
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Sources & Official References
- NCERT Official — ncert.nic.in
- CBSE Academic — cbseacademic.nic.in
- CBSE Official — cbse.gov.in
- National Education Policy 2020 — education.gov.in
Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.
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