Gene Cloning
CBSE · Class 12 · Biotechnology
Summary of Gene Cloning for CBSE Class 12 Biotechnology. Key concepts, important points, and chapter overview.
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Gene cloning is a fundamental procedure in biotechnology that involves isolating a specific gene from an organism's genome, inserting it into a vector (such as a plasmid), and introducing it into a host cell (such as bacteria) to produce multiple identical copies. This technology has revolutionised
Key Concepts
A candidate gene is a gene
A candidate gene is a gene of biological, medical, or economic significance. Examples include the insulin gene (deficient in diabetes), salinity toler
Isolation of DNA and RNA involves
Isolation of DNA and RNA involves four main steps: (1) Cell lysis — using enzymes (lysozyme for bacteria), detergents (SDS for animal cells, CTAB for
Restriction enzymes are bacterial/archaeal defense enzymes
Restriction enzymes are bacterial/archaeal defense enzymes that cut double-stranded DNA at specific recognition sequences (4–8 bp palindromic sequence
DNA ligase joins two DNA strands
DNA ligase joins two DNA strands by catalysing the formation of a phosphodiester bond between the 5'-phosphate group of one chain and the 3'-OH group
Several other enzymes are critical
Several other enzymes are critical: (1) DNA Polymerases — synthesise new DNA from dNTPs on a template strand in 5'→3' direction, require a primer; (2)
Learning Objectives
- Understand the concept of gene cloning and its significance in biotechnology
- Learn the methods for identifying and isolating candidate genes
- Describe the steps involved in DNA and RNA isolation from different organisms
- Explain the roles of key enzymes used in recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology
- Understand the different modes of DNA transfer into host cells
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Sources & Official References
- NCERT Official — ncert.nic.in
- CBSE Academic — cbseacademic.nic.in
- CBSE Official — cbse.gov.in
- National Education Policy 2020 — education.gov.in
Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.
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