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Syllabus

Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing — Syllabus

CBSE · Class 12 · Biotechnology

What Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing covers in CBSE Class 12 Biotechnology: 4 topics, for the 2026-27 session.

56 questions80 flashcards2 formulas & key relations5 concepts

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A comparison chart highlighting the differences between primary and secondary metabolites in terms of their functions, occurrence, and examples.
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4 Topics · CBSE Class 12 Biotechnology · 2026-27

Topics in Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing

1

1. Core Ideas and Historical Background

  • Metabolites are chemical compounds formed by living organisms and are broadly of two types: primary metabolites and secondary metabolites.
  • Primary metabolites are produced directly from primary metabolic pathways and are linked to essential cellular functions such as growth and development.
  • Secondary metabolites are produced by different secondary metabolic pathways and often help in defence, stress tolerance, attraction of pollinators or dispersal agents, and protection against unwanted
2

2. Bioreactor and Fermenter Design

  • At the industrial stage, bioprocesses are carried out in vessels called fermenters or bioreactors.
  • A bioreactor is an engineered vessel made of glass or steel that supports a biologically active environment under aseptic conditions.
  • A bioreactor must provide sterility, adequate air supply, uniform mixing, optimum temperature, and monitoring of pH and dissolved oxygen.
3

3. Upstream Processing and Operating Conditions

  • A bioprocess has two main stages: upstream processing and downstream processing.
  • Upstream processing includes medium formulation, sterilisation, inoculum preparation, and optimisation of environmental conditions.
  • Culture media are prepared to support maximum growth and product formation.
4

4. Modes of Bioprocess Operation

  • The three modes of bioprocess operation are batch mode, fed-batch mode, and continuous mode.
  • Batch mode is a closed culture system with a fixed initial amount of nutrients.
  • In batch culture, cells pass through phases of growth and convert substrates into product.

Key Concepts

Central concept: Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing

MetabolitesHistorical perspectiveBioreactor and fermenter designTypes of bioreactorsOperational stages of bioprocessModes of bioprocess operationRecovery and purificationCommercial products

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Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing for CBSE Class 12 Biotechnology?
Key topics in Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing include Core Ideas and Historical Background, Bioreactor and Fermenter Design, Upstream Processing and Operating Conditions, Modes of Bioprocess Operation. Study these first, then practise questions on each for the CBSE Class 12 board exam.
How should I revise Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing for the CBSE Class 12 board exam?
Learn the core ideas first, then work through the 56 practice questions on Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing. Revise definitions regularly and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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