Interior of the Earth — Flashcards
ICSE · Class 11 · Geography
38 flashcards for Interior of the Earth (ICSE Class 11 Geography) to test yourself on key terms and facts. Part of the ICSE Class 11 Geography syllabus.
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Why is knowledge of the Earth's interior limited to indirect sources?
Answer
Direct observation reaches only very small depths compared with the Earth's radius of 6,370 km. Robinson Deep in South Africa is about 4 km deep, and the deepest oil drilling hole is about 6 km deep.
What are the two groups of sources used to study the Earth's interior?
Answer
The sources are grouped into direct sources and indirect sources. Direct sources give limited information from shallow drilling and mining. Indirect sources give more important evidence and include de…
What is the average density of the Earth, and what does it suggest about its interior?
Answer
The average density of the Earth is 5.5. Since surface rocks have lower density, the interior must contain much denser material. This suggests that density increases with depth inside the Earth.
How do the densities of sedimentary rocks and igneous rocks compare with the Earth's average density?
Answer
Sedimentary rocks have an average density of 2.7, while igneous rocks vary from 3.0 to 3.5. Both are much lower than the Earth's average density of 5.5, so the deeper interior must be much denser than…
What are the main reasons for the increase in density inside the Earth?
Answer
Two explanations are given. One is that pressure from the upper layers increases density with depth. The other is that the core contains heavy materials such as nickel and ferrous, which naturally hav…
What is the estimated density of the Earth's core?
Answer
The core is estimated to have a density of 11-12, and it may rise to 13-14 near the centre of the Earth. This very high density is one of the strongest signs that the interior is very different from s…
How does temperature change with depth inside the Earth?
Answer
Temperature increases with depth. The rate of increase is 12°C per km at a depth of 100 km, 2°C per km in the next 300 km, and 1°C per km below that. By this calculation, the temperature at the core s…
Why are volcanoes and hot springs important for understanding the Earth's interior?
Answer
They show that temperature increases with depth inside the Earth. Their activity supports the idea that the interior is much hotter than the surface.
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