Climate Change

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Climate change is a long-term change in climate over a region or the world. It includes shifts in temperature, rainfall, glaciers, and seasonal patterns over years, decades, or longer.

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Earth’s atmosphere has always been dynamic. Climate has changed many times in geological and historical periods because natural conditions such as solar variation, volcanic dust, and Earth-Sun relatio…

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Evidence comes from geological records, glacial and interglacial traces, lake sediments, tree rings, and historical records. These all show wet, dry, warm, and cold phases in different periods.

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Rajasthan was wet and cool around 8000 B.C. It later received higher rainfall from 3000 B.C. to 1700 B.C., was the centre of the Harappan civilisation from 2000 to 1700 B.C., and became dry afterward.

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The Earth was warm during the Cambrian, Ordovician, and Silurian periods. This shows that climate has not remained the same through geological time.

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The Younger Dryas was a cold climatic reversal about 10,200 years ago. It affected Scandinavia and especially Scotland. Ice margins expanded and small ice sheets reappeared before the climate returned…

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The Climatic Optimum was a warm period that peaked about 5,500 years ago. Mid-latitude mean temperature was about 2.5°C above the present level, and conditions supported more varied flora and fauna in…

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The Little Climate Optimum lasted from about 950 to 1250 A.D. Greenland was settled by Vikings during this period because rising temperatures improved living conditions.