Work of Ground Water and Associated Landforms

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Underground water is the water that sinks into the ground through cracks and joints in rocks. About one-third of rain water sinks into the ground and forms underground water. It later returns to the s…

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Porosity is the water-holding capacity of a rock due to its pore spaces. Permeability is the capacity of a rock to allow water to pass through it. A rock can be porous but not permeable if its pores a…

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A permeable rock has connected pore spaces, so water can pass through it. A porous rock may have pore spaces, but if they are not connected, water cannot move through it. So permeability is stronger t…

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The water table is the upper surface of ground water saturation. It is arched up under hills and generally follows the relief of the land, though in a subdued form.

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The three zones are the Zone of Non-saturation, Zone of Intermittent Saturation, and Zone of Permanent Saturation. The non-saturation zone is never completely filled. The intermittent zone changes wit…

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An intermittent well reaches only the intermittent saturation level, so it may dry up in the dry season. A permanent well is dug deep enough to reach the permanent saturation level, so it gives water …

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An aquifer is an underground layer of porous and permeable rock that can hold water and allow it to pass through. Typical aquifer rocks include unconsolidated sand and gravel, sandstone, limestone, la…

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A permeable rock layer should either lie over an impermeable rock or be sandwiched between two impermeable layers. Its ends should also be exposed at the surface so that rain water can enter and move …