Volcanoes and Earthquakes

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Vulcanicity is the set of processes by which solid, liquid, or gaseous materials are forced into the earth's crust or escape onto the surface. It includes magma movement, eruption, and the formation o…

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Intrusive rocks are materials injected into the earth's crust and remain inside it. Extrusive rocks are materials that reach the surface and cool there. The difference is based on where the molten mat…

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Magma is the molten rock material beneath the earth's crust and is normally held under pressure. When local pressure is relieved by earth movements, the magma escapes to the surface and is then called…

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A volcano has three main parts: vent, cone, and crater. A secondary cone may also form when lava comes out through joints on the sides of the main cone.

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The vent is the pipe or neck through which hot rock materials, gases, and liquids are ejected at great pressure from the volcano.

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The crater is the funnel-shaped depression at the top of the volcanic cone. Its diameter may vary from a few metres to a few kilometres.

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Volcanic eruptions are linked with high interior temperature, weak points in the earth's crust, gases such as water vapour, earthquakes, and plate tectonics. In plate tectonics, a denser oceanic plate…

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Water vapour is the most important volcanic gas and accounts for 60 to 90 percent of the gases ejected by a volcano. It can later condense and cause heavy rainfall.