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China since 1949: The communists in control

ICSE · Class 12 · History

Quick revision notes for China since 1949: The communists in control — ICSE Class 12 History. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.

69 questions36 flashcards5 concepts

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Key Topics to Revise

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1. Mao’s takeover and the task of rebuilding China

  • Mao Zedong’s communist forces defeated the Kuomintang in 1949.
  • China in 1949 was devastated by civil war and war with Japan; railways, roads, canals, dykes, food supplies, industry, and agriculture were badly damaged.
  • China had a population of at least 600 million, so rebuilding and controlling the country was an enormous task.
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2. Agricultural change under Mao

  • Agricultural reform began with land redistribution from large landowners to peasants.
  • Some accounts claimed the change was carried out legally and with minimal violence, but later archives showed considerable violence, torture, and execution in some areas.
  • By 1956, about 95 per cent of surviving peasants were in collective farms.
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3. Hundred Flowers and the Cultural Revolution

  • In 1957 Mao launched the Hundred Flowers Campaign with the words: 'Let a hundred flowers bloom and a hundred schools of thought contend'.
  • The campaign encouraged constructive criticism of the government and party cadres.
  • Critics attacked cadre incompetence, over-centralisation, and party undemocratic practices.
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4. Life after Mao: power struggle and reform under Deng Xiaoping

  • After Mao’s death in 1976, a power struggle followed.
  • Three main contestants emerged: Hua Guofeng, Deng Xiaoping, and the Gang of Four led by Jiang Qing.
  • Hua Guofeng was named by Mao as successor and became Supreme Leader briefly.

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Key Concepts

Mao Zedong’s communist forces defeatedLand was taken from large landownersChina began a plan focused onMao called for open criticismLaunched in 1958

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in China since 1949: The communists in control for ICSE Class 12 History?
China since 1949: The communists in control covers several key topics that are frequently asked in ICSE Class 12 board exams. Focus on the core concepts listed on this page and practise related questions to build confidence.
How to score full marks in China since 1949: The communists in control — ICSE Class 12 History?
Understand the core concepts first, then work through the 69 practice questions available for this chapter. Revise formulas and definitions regularly, and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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