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Roosevelt and the New Deal: 1929-45

ICSE · Class 12 · History

Quick revision notes for Roosevelt and the New Deal: 1929-45 — ICSE Class 12 History. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.

70 questions40 flashcards5 concepts

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Key Topics to Revise

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1. The Great Crash and the Great Depression

  • The first major stock market panic came on 24 October 1929.
  • On 28 October 1929, some 16.5 million shares changed hands.
  • By early 1929 at least 1 million people were speculating on the stock market.
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2. Hoover's Response and the Election of 1932

  • Herbert Hoover was President from 1929 to 1933 and was blamed for the early Depression.
  • He set up the Reconstruction Finance Corporation in December 1931/January 1932, headed by Charles Dawes, with $500 million capital and authority to borrow $1.5 billion more.
  • Hoover believed in limited federal action and relied on voluntary measures, which proved inadequate.
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3. Roosevelt's Leadership Style and the Hundred Days

  • Roosevelt was struck by polio in August 1921 at age thirty-nine.
  • He became a public leader despite severe physical disability and won four presidential elections: 1932, 1936, 1940, and 1944.
  • Sam Rosenman coined the phrase 'New Deal' for Roosevelt's 1932 acceptance speech.
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4. First New Deal: Relief, Recovery, and Reform

  • The First New Deal included the Federal Emergency Relief Act, CWA, TVA, National Industrial Recovery Act, AAA, CCC, PWA, Glass-Steagall Banking Act, and Securities and Exchange Act.
  • The Federal Emergency Relief Act gave $500 million in direct grants to states.
  • Harry Hopkins administered FERA and became an advocate of work relief.

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Full Notes

Key Concepts

The first major stock market panicFour major weaknesses lay behindBy autumn 1931 unemployment had reachedHoover relied on voluntary charityRoosevelt was elected Governor of New

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