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The United Nations Organization

ICSE · Class 12 · History

Quick revision notes for The United Nations Organization — ICSE Class 12 History. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.

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Key Topics to Revise

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8.1 Origins and Formation of the UN

  • The UN was founded in October 1945 after World War II to prevent future global conflicts
  • The League of Nations failed to stop Hitler and Mussolini, leading to its replacement
  • The UN Charter was drafted at San Francisco in 1945
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8.2 Structure of the United Nations Organization

  • The UN has seven main organs: General Assembly, Security Council, Secretariat, International Court of Justice, Trusteeship Council, Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), and International Criminal Cou
  • The General Assembly is the meeting of representatives from all member nations, with one vote per nation regardless of country size
  • The Security Council sits in permanent session, with 5 permanent members (China, France, USA, USSR/Russia, Britain) and 10 non-permanent members (elected for 2-year terms)
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8.3 The General Assembly and Security Council in Detail

  • General Assembly meets once a year for about 3 months starting in September; special sessions can be called in crises
  • General Assembly functions: discuss international problems, consider UN budget, elect Security Council members, supervise other UN bodies
  • Simple majority can decide most issues; two-thirds majority needed for important decisions (admitting/expelling members, peace actions)
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8.4 Major Crises and UN Peacekeeping Operations

  • West New Guinea (1946): UN helped negotiate Indonesian independence but couldn't initially resolve West New Guinea dispute; finally settled in 1962
  • Palestine (1947): UN decided to partition Palestine and create Israel; unable to prevent Arab-Israeli wars but arranged ceasefires
  • Korean War (1950-53): Only time UN took decisive military action directly against a superpower; possible only because USSR boycotted Security Council

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Key Concepts

The foundational document drafted in SanThe main deliberative body where allPermanent body with 15 membersEach of the five permanent membersA procedural mechanism introduced during

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Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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