Metallurgy — Flashcards
Tamil Nadu Board · Class 12 · Chemistry
29 flashcards for Metallurgy (Tamil Nadu Board Class 12 Chemistry) to test yourself on key terms and facts. Sample: "Define 'mineral' and 'ore'.
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Define 'mineral' and 'ore' in the context of metallurgy. How are they different?
Answer
Mineral: A naturally occurring substance containing metal in free state or as compounds (oxides, sulphides, silicates, etc.). Example: Iron is present in 800 minerals. Ore: A mineral containing high …
What are the three main steps in the metallurgical process for extracting metal from ore?
Answer
The three main steps are: 1. Concentration of ore: Removal of gangue (non-metallic impurities and rocky materials) to increase metal concentration. 2. Extraction of crude metal: Conversion of ore in…
Gold ore is treated with aerated dilute sodium cyanide solution. Write the balanced equation for gold leaching and explain why this method is used.
Answer
Balanced equation: 4Au(s) + 8CN⁻(aq) + O₂(g) + 2H₂O(l) → 4[Au(CN)₂]⁻(aq) + 4OH⁻(aq) Explanation: - Gold is converted to soluble cyanide complex [Au(CN)₂]⁻ - Gangue (aluminosilicate) remains insoluble…
Bauxite (ore of aluminium) is treated with sodium hydroxide solution. Write the balanced equation and explain why AlkaliLeaching is preferred for bauxite concentration.
Answer
Balanced equation: Al₂O₃(s) + 2NaOH(aq) + 3H₂O(l) → 2Na[Al(OH)₄](aq) Explanation: - Alumina is amphoteric (reacts with both acids and bases) - Sodium hydroxide dissolves Al₂O₃ forming soluble sodium …
Zinc sulphide ore (ZnS) is treated with hot aqueous sulphuric acid. Write the balanced equation for acid leaching and identify the products.
Answer
Balanced equation: 2ZnS(s) + 2H₂SO₄(aq) + O₂(g) → 2ZnSO₄(aq) + 2S(s) + 2H₂O(l) Products: - ZnSO₄: Soluble zinc sulphate (remains in solution) - S: Elemental sulphur (solid precipitate) - H₂O: Water …
Write balanced equations showing the roasting of lead sulphide (PbS) and explain why roasting is preferred over direct reduction of sulphide ore.
Answer
Balanced equation: 2PbS(s) + 3O₂(g) → 2PbO(s) + 2SO₂(g) ↑ Other roasting examples: 2ZnS(s) + 3O₂(g) → 2ZnO(s) + 2SO₂(g) ↑ 2Cu₂S(s) + 3O₂(g) → 2Cu₂O(s) + 2SO₂(g) ↑ Why roasting is preferred: 1. Conve…
Write balanced equations for calcination of three different ores and explain the purpose of calcination.
Answer
Balanced equations: 1. Carbonate ore (calcite): CaCO₃ → CaO + CO₂ ↑ 2. Lead carbonate: PbCO₃ → PbO + CO₂ ↑ 3. Zinc carbonate: ZnCO₃ → ZnO + CO₂ ↑ 4. Hydrated ore: Al₂O₃·2H₂O → Al₂O₃(s) + 2H₂O(g) ↑ 5.
Write the balanced equation for reduction of iron oxide by carbon monoxide in a blast furnace and explain the reaction mechanism.
Answer
Balanced equation: Fe₂O₃(s) + 3CO(g) → 2Fe(l,s) + 3CO₂(g) ↑ Alternative forms: Fe₃O₄(s) + 4CO(g) → 3Fe(l,s) + 4CO₂(g) ↑ FeO(s) + CO(g) → Fe(l,s) + CO₂(g) ↑ Reaction mechanism: 1. CO acts as reducing…
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