Carbonyl Compounds and Carboxylic Acids — Flashcards
Tamil Nadu Board · Class 12 · Chemistry
40 flashcards for Carbonyl Compounds and Carboxylic Acids (Tamil Nadu Board Class 12 Chemistry) to test yourself on key terms and facts.
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What is the structure and hybridization of the carbonyl carbon in aldehydes and ketones?
Answer
The carbonyl carbon (C=O) is sp² hybridized with a planar geometry. It forms three σ-bonds using three sp² hybrid orbitals and one π-bond using the unhybridised 2p orbital. The C=O bond is polar due t…
Write the IUPAC name for the compound: CH₃-CH=CH-CHO
Answer
IUPAC Name: but-2-enal (Common name: crotonaldehyde). Breaking down the name: 'but' (4 carbons) + '2-ene' (double bond at position 2) + 'al' (aldehyde functional group). When naming aldehydes, the car…
Give the IUPAC name for: (CH₃)₂C=CH-CO-CH₃
Answer
IUPAC Name: 4-methylpent-3-en-2-one. Breaking it down: The longest chain contains 5 carbons (pentane). The ketone is at position 2 (pentan-2-one). There's a double bond at position 3 (pent-3-en-2-one)…
What is the general mechanism of nucleophilic addition reaction to carbonyl compounds?
Answer
Nucleophilic addition occurs in three steps: (1) The nucleophile (Nu⁻) attacks the electrophilic carbonyl carbon, using its lone pair to form a C-Nu σ-bond. (2) The π-electrons move to oxygen, forming…
Complete the reaction: CH₃CHO + HCN → ?
Answer
CH₃CHO + HCN → CH₃CH(OH)CN (acetaldehyde cyanohydrin). The cyanide ion (CN⁻) attacks the carbonyl carbon of acetaldehyde, forming a cyanohydrin. This is a nucleophilic addition reaction. The cyanohydr…
What happens when acetaldehyde reacts with 2 equivalents of methanol in presence of HCl?
Answer
CH₃CHO + 2CH₃OH → CH₃CH(OCH₃)₂ + H₂O (1,1-dimethoxymethane/acetal). This is an acetal formation reaction. The first methanol adds via nucleophilic addition to form a hemiacetal (CH₃CH(OH)OCH₃), which …
What product forms when acetone reacts with hydroxylamine?
Answer
(CH₃)₂C=O + H₂NOH → (CH₃)₂C=NOH (acetone oxime) + H₂O. This is a nucleophilic addition-elimination reaction. Hydroxylamine (-NH₂OH) attacks the carbonyl carbon forming a tetrahedral intermediate. The …
Write the balanced equation for the oxidation of acetaldehyde using acidified potassium dichromate.
Answer
2CH₃CHO + 2K₂Cr₂O₇ + 8H₂SO₄ → 2CH₃COOH + 2Cr₂(SO₄)₃ + 2K₂SO₄ + 7H₂O. Aldehydes are easily oxidized to carboxylic acids. The orange dichromate ion (Cr₂O₇²⁻) is reduced to green Cr³⁺ ion. This is a char…
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