Electro Chemistry

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Specific resistance or resistivity (ρ) is the resistance of an electrolyte confined between two electrodes having unit cross-sectional area and separated by unit distance. Formula: R = ρ(l/A) Where:…

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CONDUCTANCE (C): - Reciprocal of resistance: C = 1/R - Depends on the geometry of the cell (length and area) - SI unit: Siemen (S) - Property of a specific cell/solution CONDUCTIVITY (κ): - Reciproca…

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Given: R = 15 Ω l = 1.5 cm = 1.5 × 10⁻² m A = 4.5 cm² = 4.5 × 10⁻⁴ m² Formula: κ = (1/R) × (l/A) Step 1: κ = (1/15) × (1.5 × 10⁻²)/(4.5 × 10⁻⁴) Step 2: κ = (1/15) × (1.5 × 10⁻² × 10⁴)/(4.5) Step 3…

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MOLAR CONDUCTIVITY (Λₘ): The conductance of an electrolytic solution containing 1 mole of electrolyte in a conductivity cell where electrodes are separated by 1 m. Formula: Λₘ = κ × V Where: κ = spe…

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Given: M = 0.01 M κ = 14.114 × 10⁻² S·m⁻¹ = 0.14114 S·m⁻¹ Formula: Λₘ = (κ × 10⁻³)/M Step 1: Λₘ = (0.14114 × 10⁻³)/0.01 Step 2: Λₘ = (1.4114 × 10⁻⁴)/0.01 Step 3: Λₘ = 1.4114 × 10⁻² S·m²·mol⁻¹ Ste…

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KOHLRAUSCH'S LAW: At infinite dilution, the molar conductivity of an electrolyte is equal to the sum of molar conductivities of its constituent ions. Mathematical Expression: Λ₀ₘ(AxBy) = x·λ₀ₘ(A^y+) …

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According to Kohlrausch's Law: Λ₀ₘ(CH₃COOH) = Λ₀ₘ(HCl) + Λ₀ₘ(CH₃COONa) - Λ₀ₘ(NaCl) This is because: HCl → H⁺ + Cl⁻ CH₃COONa → CH₃COO⁻ + Na⁺ NaCl → Na⁺ + Cl⁻ Adding HCl and CH₃COONa: H⁺ + Cl⁻ + CH₃CO…

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ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL: A device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy (galvanic) or uses electrical energy to drive chemical reactions (electrolytic). GALVANIC CELL (Voltaic Cell): - Sp…