p-Block Elements - II — Flashcards
Tamil Nadu Board · Class 12 · Chemistry
32 flashcards for p-Block Elements - II (Tamil Nadu Board Class 12 Chemistry) to test yourself on key terms and facts.
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Write the balanced equation for the preparation of nitrogen gas from sodium azide decomposition at 575 K. Explain the reaction conditions.
Answer
2NaN₃(s) → 2Na(s) + 3N₂(g) at 575 K Explanation: Sodium azide undergoes thermal decomposition at 575 K (approximately 300°C) to produce nitrogen gas and sodium metal. This is a safe laboratory method…
Ammonia reacts with bromine water under different conditions. Write the equations for both reactions and explain the products formed.
Answer
With excess ammonia: 8NH₃ + 3Br₂ → N₂ + 6NH₄Br (overall) With excess bromine: 2NH₃ + 6Br₂ → 2NCl₃ + 6HBr (nitrogen tribromine forms, which is highly explosive) Explanation: With excess ammonia, nitr…
Calculate the volume of ammonia gas (at STP) produced when 14g of metallic sodium reacts with 3.4g of phosphorus according to the equation: 3Mg + 2NH₃ → Mg₃N₂ + 3H₂. Given: Molar mass of Mg = 24, N =
Answer
Note: The question seems to have inconsistency. Let's solve for NH₃ decomposition reaction: 4NH₃ → N₂ + 3H₂ Given mass of NH₃ = 3.4g Molar mass of NH₃ = 14 + 3(1) = 17 g/mol Step 1: Calculate moles …
Why is nitrogen gas chemically inert at room temperature despite its abundance in the atmosphere? Explain in terms of bond energy.
Answer
Nitrogen's inertness is due to: 1. HIGH BOND ENERGY: The N≡N triple bond has a very high bond dissociation energy of 946 kJ/mol (225 kcal/mol). This makes breaking the triple bond extremely difficult…
Write the industrial preparation of nitric acid by Ostwald's process. Include all equations and reaction conditions.
Answer
Ostwald's Process - Three Steps: Step 1: Oxidation of ammonia to NO 4NH₃(g) + 5O₂(g) → 4NO(g) + 6H₂O(g) [ΔH = -120 kJ] Conditions: 1275 K, platinum gauze catalyst, excess air (1:10 ratio) Step 2: Ox…
Explain why white phosphorus is self-igniting (spontaneously combusts) in air at room temperature, while red phosphorus does not. What causes the phosphorescence of white phosphorus?
Answer
WHITE vs RED PHOSPHORUS: WHITE PHOSPHORUS: - Structure: P₄ molecules arranged in crystalline form with weak intermolecular forces - Reactivity: Extremely reactive due to strained P₄ tetrahedral struc…
Phosphorus trichloride undergoes hydrolysis with water. Write the step-wise mechanism and overall equation.
Answer
HYDROLYSIS OF PCl₃: Step 1: Coordination complex formation PCl₃ + H₂O → PCl₃·H₂O (Water coordinates using oxygen lone pair to vacant 3d orbital on P) Step 2: Elimination of HCl PCl₃·H₂O → P(OH)Cl₂ +…
Calculate the percentage of ionic character in the N-H bond in ammonia. Given: Electronegativity of N = 3.0, H = 2.1. Use the relationship: Ionic character (%) ≈ 0.16|ΔEN| + 0.035(ΔEN)² × 100
Answer
Step 1: Calculate electronegativity difference ΔEN = |EN(N) - EN(H)| = |3.0 - 2.1| = 0.9 Step 2: Apply ionic character formula Ionic character (%) = [0.16(0.9) + 0.035(0.9)²] × 100 = [0.144 + 0.035(0…
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