Organic Nitrogen Compounds
Tamil Nadu Board · Class 12 · Chemistry
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See them allWhat is a nitro compound? How are they classified?
Answer
A nitro compound is formed when one hydrogen atom of a hydrocarbon is replaced by the -NO₂ group (R-NO₂). They are classified as: 1. Primary nitroalkanes: R-CH₂-NO₂ 2. Secondary nitroalkanes: R₂CH-NO₂…
Explain the tautomerism in primary and secondary nitroalkanes. Why don't tertiary nitroalkanes show tautomerism?
Answer
Primary and secondary nitroalkanes exhibit tautomerism between nitro-form and aci-form: R-CH₂-NO₂ ⇌ R-CH=N(OH)-O⁻ (nitro-form, less acidic) (aci-form, more acidic) Tertiary nitroalkanes do NOT show t…
Prepare nitroethane from ethyl bromide in the laboratory.
Answer
Reaction: CH₃CH₂-Br + KNO₂ → CH₃CH₂-NO₂ + KBr Conditions: Ethanolic solution of potassium nitrite, heated (Δ) Mechanism: SN₂ nucleophilic substitution The bromide ion is displaced by the nitrite anion…
How is nitrobenzene prepared industrially? Write the equation.
Answer
Industrial Preparation - Direct Nitration: C₆H₆ + HNO₃ → C₆H₅-NO₂ + H₂O Conditions: Nitrating mixture (Conc. HNO₃ + Conc. H₂SO₄), temperature 330 K Mechanism: Electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS)…
Reduce nitroethane to amine using Sn/HCl. Write the complete equation.
Answer
Reaction: CH₃CH₂-NO₂ + 6[H] → CH₃CH₂-NH₂ + 2H₂O Reductant: Sn/HCl or Fe/HCl (nascent hydrogen) Reduction Stages: R-NO₂ → R-N=O → R-NHOH → R-NH₂ (nitro) (nitroso) (hydroxylamine) (amine) Alternative: …
Calculate the number of isomers for C₄H₉NO₂ and name them.
Answer
Molecular formula C₄H₉NO₂ gives the following isomers: 1. Chain Isomerism: - CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂-NO₂ (1-nitrobutane) - CH₃CH(NO₂)CH₂CH₃ (2-nitrobutane) - CH₃CH₂CH(CH₃)-NO₂ (1-nitro-2-methylpropane)…
What are amines? How are they classified?
Answer
Amines are organic derivatives of ammonia where one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by alkyl or aryl groups. Classification based on number of carbon groups attached: 1. Primary (1°) Amines: R-NH…
Prepare aniline from nitrobenzene. What reagents are used?
Answer
Reduction of Nitrobenzene to Aniline: C₆H₅-NO₂ + 6[H] → C₆H₅-NH₂ + 2H₂O Reduction Methods: 1. Sn/HCl or Fe/HCl (Laboratory method) 2. Ni/H₂ or Pd/H₂ at high temperature (Catalytic hydrogenation) 3. L…
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