Elements of weather and climate

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Weather refers to the atmospheric conditions of a place over a short period of time. It includes elements like temperature, humidity, wind, pressure, and precipitation. For example, a day can be descr…

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Climate is the average weather condition of a large area over a long period of time, usually around 35 years. It is more or less permanent. For example, Rajasthan has a hot and arid climate, while Ker…

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Weather is the short-term atmospheric condition of a small area, which changes frequently. Climate is the long-term average of weather conditions over a large area and remains more or less constant. F…

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A season is a period of the year with characteristic weather conditions caused by the Earth's axial tilt and its revolution around the Sun. In India, four main seasons are recognized: cold weather (De…

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Equatorial regions receive nearly vertical sun rays throughout the year, leading to consistent temperatures and high humidity. This results in minimal seasonal variation. Hence, seasons are not clearl…

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Latitude determines the angle at which sunlight reaches the Earth. Near the equator, sunlight is direct and intense, causing high temperatures. As we move towards poles, sunlight becomes slanting and …

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Temperature decreases with altitude at a rate of about 1°C for every 165 meters of elevation. Hill stations like Shimla are at higher altitudes than plains like Jalandhar, making them cooler even if t…

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As altitude increases, the air becomes thinner and holds less heat, leading to lower temperatures. This is why mountains are cooler than lowlands. The normal lapse rate is approximately 1°C per 165 me…