Elements of weather and climate — Syllabus
Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Geography
What Elements of weather and climate covers in Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Geography: 3 topics, for the 2026-27 session.
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Topics in Elements of weather and climate
Weather, Season, and Climate
- Weather refers to short-term atmospheric conditions in a specific place at a particular time.
- Climate is the average weather condition of a large area over a long period (about 35 years).
- Seasons are recurring periods in a year with similar weather patterns caused by Earth's axial tilt and revolution around the Sun.
Factors Affecting Climate
- Latitude affects temperature — equatorial regions are hotter due to direct sunlight.
- Altitude reduces temperature — for every 165 meters rise, temperature drops by 1°C.
- Continentality leads to extreme temperatures in inland areas compared to coastal regions.
Elements of Weather and Climate
- Temperature measures the degree of hotness or coldness of air.
- Air pressure is the weight of air above a surface, influencing wind and weather systems.
- Wind is the movement of air from high-pressure to low-pressure areas, with direction and speed being important.
Key Concepts
Central concept: Weather and Climate
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