Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Geography — Flashcards for Quick Revision

A: The word 'Geography' comes from two Greek words: 'Geo' meaning Earth, and 'Graphy' meaning to write or describe. So, Geography means 'to describe or write about the Earth'. It is the study of the Eart

A: The term 'Geography' was first used by the Greek scholar Eratosthenes in the 3rd century B.C. He is credited with coining the term to describe the study of the Earth and its features.

A: Geography is dynamic because it studies changes on the Earth's surface over time. Natural features like mountains and rivers change slowly, while human-made features like roads, buildings, and farms c

A: The three main layers of the Earth are: (1) Crust – the outermost thin layer, (2) Mantle – the thick middle layer beneath the crust, and (3) Core – the innermost and densest layer made of iron and nic

A: The crust is the outermost solid layer of the Earth, ranging from 5–70 km in thickness. It has two types: (1) Continental Crust – thicker (up to 70 km), made of granite (SIAL: Silica + Aluminium), and

A: Direct study is limited because temperature and pressure increase rapidly with depth. Drilling tools melt under extreme heat—temperature rises by 1°C every 32 meters. The deepest human-made hole is on

A: Endogenic forces are those that originate from within the Earth and cause movements in the crust. These forces lead to the formation of mountains, valleys, and other landforms through processes like f

A: Exogenic forces are external processes that act on the Earth's surface, such as weathering, erosion, and deposition. These forces gradually wear down and reshape the land. Example: The formation of ri

A: Diastrophic movements are slow, large-scale processes like folding and faulting that occur over millions of years. Sudden movements are rapid events like earthquakes and volcanic eruptions that cause