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Indian Federal System — Syllabus

Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Political Science

What Indian Federal System covers in Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Political Science: 4 topics, for the 2026-27 session.

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4 Topics · Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Political Science · 2026-27

Topics in Indian Federal System

1

Meaning and Features of Federal Government

  • Federalism means a dual government—Central and State—each with its own powers and responsibilities.
  • The word 'federal' comes from the Latin word 'Foedus', meaning 'treaty' or 'agreement'.
  • Key features of a federal government include: supremacy of the Constitution, written and rigid Constitution, two types of governments, division of powers, independent judiciary, bicameral legislature,
2

Constitutional Provisions of Indian Federalism

  • The Indian Constitution does not use the word 'federation', but it establishes a federal system through its structure.
  • The Seventh Schedule contains three lists: Union List, State List, and Concurrent List, which divide legislative powers.
  • Residuary powers (on matters not in any list) are given to the Parliament.
3

Special Features of Indian Federalism

  • India has a single judiciary—Supreme Court, High Courts, and subordinate courts form one integrated system.
  • Single citizenship means all Indians are citizens of India, not of individual states.
  • All-India Services (like IAS, IPS) are appointed by the Centre but can serve in State governments.
4

Unitary Tendencies in Indian Federalism

  • Parliament can make laws on State List under special circumstances (Articles 249, 252, 253, and during Emergency).
  • The President can impose President’s Rule (Article 356) if a state government fails to function constitutionally.
  • Governors are appointed by the President and hold office at his pleasure (Articles 155, 156).

Key Concepts

Central concept: Indian Federal System

FederalismConstitutional ProvisionsFeatures of Federal GovernmentPeculiar Features of Indian FederationCo-operative FederalismCauses of Contestation in Indian FederationHistorical Context and Constituent Assembly DebatesEmergency Provisions

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Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Indian Federal System for Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Political Science?
Key topics in Indian Federal System include Meaning and Features of Federal Government, Constitutional Provisions of Indian Federalism, Special Features of Indian Federalism, Unitary Tendencies in Indian Federalism. Study these first, then practise questions on each for the Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 board exam.
How should I revise Indian Federal System for the Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 board exam?
Learn the core ideas first, then work through the 46 practice questions on Indian Federal System. Revise definitions regularly and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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