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Revision Notes

Indian Federal System

Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Political Science

Quick revision notes for Indian Federal System — Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Political Science. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.

46 questions30 flashcards5 concepts

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Key Topics to Revise

1

Meaning and Features of Federal Government

  • Federalism means a dual government—Central and State—each with its own powers and responsibilities.
  • The word 'federal' comes from the Latin word 'Foedus', meaning 'treaty' or 'agreement'.
  • Key features of a federal government include: supremacy of the Constitution, written and rigid Constitution, two types of governments, division of powers, independent judiciary, bicameral legislature,
2

Constitutional Provisions of Indian Federalism

  • The Indian Constitution does not use the word 'federation', but it establishes a federal system through its structure.
  • The Seventh Schedule contains three lists: Union List, State List, and Concurrent List, which divide legislative powers.
  • Residuary powers (on matters not in any list) are given to the Parliament.
3

Special Features of Indian Federalism

  • India has a single judiciary—Supreme Court, High Courts, and subordinate courts form one integrated system.
  • Single citizenship means all Indians are citizens of India, not of individual states.
  • All-India Services (like IAS, IPS) are appointed by the Centre but can serve in State governments.
4

Unitary Tendencies in Indian Federalism

  • Parliament can make laws on State List under special circumstances (Articles 249, 252, 253, and during Emergency).
  • The President can impose President’s Rule (Article 356) if a state government fails to function constitutionally.
  • Governors are appointed by the President and hold office at his pleasure (Articles 155, 156).

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Full Notes

Key Concepts

A federal government divides powers betweenThe Constitution is the highest lawThe Seventh Schedule of the IndianIt refers to collaboration betweenUnder Articles 352

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Indian Federal System for Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Political Science?
Indian Federal System covers several key topics that are frequently asked in Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 board exams. Focus on the core concepts listed on this page and practise related questions to build confidence.
How to score full marks in Indian Federal System — Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Political Science?
Understand the core concepts first, then work through the 46 practice questions available for this chapter. Revise formulas and definitions regularly, and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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