Newton's Laws of Motion

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An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion in a straight line with the same speed unless acted upon by an external unbalanced force. It is also called the law of inertia.

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Inertia is the property of a body by which it resists any change in its state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line. Types: inertia of rest, inertia of motion, and inertia of direction.

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This happens due to inertia of rest. The lower part of the body moves with the bus, but the upper part tends to remain at rest, so the passenger leans backward.

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This happens due to inertia of motion. The lower part of the body stops with the bus, but the upper part keeps moving forward for a short time, so the passenger leans forward.

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Linear momentum is the product of mass and velocity of a body. Formula: p = mv. It is a vector quantity, and its direction is the same as velocity. SI unit: kg m/s or N-s. Dimensional formula: [MLT^-1…

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Given: m = 4 kg, v = 3 m/s Formula: p = mv Step 1: p = 4 kg × 3 m/s Step 2: p = 12 kg m/s Answer: 12 kg m/s…

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Given: m = 800 kg, v = 10 m/s Formula: p = mv Step 1: p = 800 kg × 10 m/s Step 2: p = 8000 kg m/s Answer: 8000 kg m/s…

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For a fixed body, momentum is directly proportional to velocity. For a fixed velocity, a body with larger mass has larger momentum. Momentum is a vector, so its direction is the same as velocity.