Gravitation : Planets and Satellites — Flashcards
ICSE · Class 11 · Physics
42 flashcards for Gravitation : Planets and Satellites (ICSE Class 11 Physics) to test yourself on key terms and facts.
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State Kepler's First Law of planetary motion.
Answer
All planets move around the sun in elliptical orbits having the sun at one focus of the orbit. This is the law of orbits.
A planet moves from one position near the sun to another in the same time as a farther position. What does Kepler's Second Law say about the areas swept?
Answer
A line joining any planet to the sun sweeps out equal areas in equal times, so the areal velocity remains constant. The planet moves faster when nearer the sun and slower when farther away.
State Kepler's Third Law and write its formula.
Answer
The square of the period of revolution of any planet around the sun is directly proportional to the cube of its mean distance from the sun. Formula: T^2 = K r^3 or T^2 ∝ r^3 Here, T = period, r = mean…
If the mean radius of a planet's orbit doubles, how does its period change according to Kepler's Third Law?
Answer
Given: T^2 ∝ r^3 If r becomes 2r, then T'^2 / T^2 = (2r)^3 / r^3 = 8 So, T' / T = √8 = 2√2 Answer: The period becomes 2√2 times.
A planet has mean distance r from the sun. Another planet has mean distance 8r. Compare their periods.
Answer
Given: T^2 ∝ r^3 For the second planet, T2^2 / T1^2 = (8r)^3 / r^3 = 512 So, T2 / T1 = √512 = 16√2 Answer: The second planet takes 16√2 times the period of the first.
What is the value of Kepler's constant K in the third law?
Answer
K = 2.97 × 10^-19 s^2 m^-3 It is the same for all planets in the solar system.
Why do planets move faster when they are nearer the sun?
Answer
Because the line joining the planet and the sun must sweep equal areas in equal times. Near the sun, the planet covers a longer arc in the same time, so its speed is greater. Farther away, the speed i…
A satellite moves in a circular orbit around the earth close to the surface. What is its orbital speed and how is it related to escape velocity?
Answer
Orbital speed close to the earth's surface is nearly 8 km/s. Relation: v_e = √2 × v_o So escape velocity is √2 times orbital velocity.
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