Friction — Revision Notes
ICSE · Class 11 · Physics
Friction revision notes for ICSE Class 11 Physics: 4 topics in quick points. Part of the ICSE Class 11 Physics syllabus.
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Key Topics to Revise
1. Meaning and origin of friction
- Friction is a force that opposes motion or the tendency of motion between two surfaces in contact.
- When a body is at rest and no external force is applied, friction is zero.
- If an external force is applied and the body still does not move, static friction acts and adjusts itself to balance the applied force.
2. Static friction, limiting friction, and coefficients
- Static friction is self-adjusting and equals the applied force until the limiting value is reached.
- Before reaching the limiting value, static friction is less than μsR.
- Limiting friction is the maximum value of static friction and is the smallest force needed to start motion.
3. Kinetic friction and rolling friction
- Kinetic friction acts when two surfaces are in relative motion.
- Kinetic friction is less than limiting static friction.
- A lesser force is required to maintain motion than to start motion from rest.
4. Angle of friction, angle of repose, and reaction
- At limiting friction, the angle made by the resultant reaction with the normal reaction is called the angle of friction.
- The angle of repose is the angle of an inclined plane with the horizontal at which a body just begins to slide.
- Angle of friction and angle of repose are numerically equal.
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