The Second World War 1939-45
ICSE · Class 12 · History
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What were the four main phases of the Second World War from 1939 to 1945?
Answer
The war is usually divided into four phases: 1) Opening moves: September 1939 to December 1940, 2) The Axis offensive widens: 1941 to the summer of 1942, 3) The offensives held in check: summer 1942 t…
What does the term 'phoney war' mean in the context of the war in Europe?
Answer
The 'phoney war' was the period of very little fighting in the west after Poland was defeated. The term was coined by the American press. During this pause, Britain and France stayed mainly on the def…
Why was Poland defeated so quickly in September 1939?
Answer
Poland was defeated by German Blitzkrieg, or lightning war. Rapid tank attacks and motorized divisions, supported by air power, broke Polish resistance. Poland lacked motorized divisions and could not…
What is Blitzkrieg?
Answer
Blitzkrieg means lightning war. It was a fast-moving style of attack using tanks, motorized divisions and air power together to break enemy defences quickly before they could organize a strong respons…
How did Germany gain an advantage by invading Denmark and Norway in April 1940?
Answer
Germany invaded Denmark and Norway partly to secure Narvik, the outlet for Swedish iron ore, which was vital for the German armaments industry. Norway also gave Germany useful naval bases. The campaig…
Why was the evacuation from Dunkirk important, and why was it also a setback?
Answer
Over 338,000 troops, two-thirds British, were evacuated from Dunkirk between 27 May and 4 June 1940. The rescue was important because many soldiers were saved to fight again. It was also a serious blo…
What happened to France in June 1940?
Answer
France surrendered on 22 June 1940. The armistice was signed at Compiègne in the same railway coach used for the 1918 armistice. Northern France and the Atlantic coast were occupied by Germany, while …
Why did France fall so quickly in 1940?
Answer
France fell quickly because of military weakness, poor preparation, and serious command mistakes. French tanks were split among infantry divisions instead of being concentrated in mechanized armoured …
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