The First World War 1914-1918

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It was called a total war because it involved not only armies and navies but entire populations, industry, food supply, transport, propaganda, and colonial troops. The fighting affected Europe, the Mi…

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The Allied or Entente Powers were Britain, France, Russia, Italy, Serbia, Belgium, Romania, the United States, and Japan. Britain also drew on troops from its empire, including Australia, Canada, Indi…

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The Central Powers were Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey, and Bulgaria. These states fought against the Allied or Entente Powers.

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The Schlieffen Plan was Germany’s plan to move quickly through Belgium, capture the Channel ports, and then sweep around Paris to defeat France fast. It failed because Belgian resistance delayed the G…

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French forces under Joffre counter-attacked and halted the German advance. The Germans were driven back to the River Aisne. This battle ended hopes of a short war and helped create the trench line on …

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Belgian resistance held up the German advance and it took the Germans over two weeks to capture Brussels. This delay gave the British time to organize themselves and helped keep the Channel ports open…

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Trench warfare developed because attacks could not quickly break through modern defences. Barbed wire, machine-guns, artillery, reconnaissance aircraft, and the difficulty of moving across churned-up …

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Verdun was a major German attack launched by Falkenhayn in February 1916. The aim was to destroy the French army by forcing it to defend the fortress town. Pétain defended stubbornly, and the attack e…