A bitter peace 1918-33 — Flashcards

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The end of fighting did not bring lasting stability. Europe and other regions remained full of civil wars, political conflict, economic hardship, and resentment. The peace settlements created anger, e…

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It was the peace settlement between Germany and Bolshevik Russia on the Eastern Front, signed on 3 March 1918. Russia accepted very harsh terms to end the war in the east and focus on internal danger …

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Lenin accepted the harsh treaty because he wanted to concentrate on internal threats, especially the struggle against enemies inside Russia during the Civil War. The treaty left Russia isolated intern…

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Leon Trotsky was a Bolshevik revolutionary and the People's Commissar for War. He created and led the new Red Army during the Russian Civil War and used strict discipline, conscription, and ex-tsarist…

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After conscription began in May 1918, the Red Army grew from 500,000 men in April 1919 to 5 million by June 1920. This rapid expansion helped the Bolsheviks defeat the White forces.

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It was the peace settlement with Germany, signed on 28 June 1919. It contained 440 clauses across more than 200 pages and was rushed to print without being fully read.

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Many Germans felt humiliated because the treaty was dictated to them, Germany was blamed for causing the war, and the settlement was seen as harsh. The German delegation responded with bitterness, and…

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The Big Four were Woodrow Wilson of the United States, David Lloyd-George of Britain, Georges Clemenceau of France, and Vittorio Orlando of Italy. They dominated the peace negotiations.